Glossary of the Indian equity stack
Every term a cap table or a diligence room will hand you, defined to the statute.
16 entries across five registers — instruments, filings, valuation, foreign investment and ESOP tax — written from the same rulebook Saral runs on.
The register, current to the last entry — instruments and filings tied to the same event ledger as this glossary.
Instruments04 entries
Companies Act 2013, Sec 43 & Sec 55CCPS — Compulsorily Convertible Preference SharesPreferred equity that must convert to equity shares; conversion is not optional.→Companies Act 2013, Sec 71CCD — Compulsorily Convertible DebentureDebt on the books until it converts to equity; the mirror instrument to CCPS.→Companies Act 2013, Sec 42 & Sec 62(1)(c); FEMA (Non-Debt Instruments) Rules 2019iSAFE — India Simple Agreement for Future EquityThe Indian SAFE variant, legally wrapped as CCPS or CCD to fit Companies Act and FEMA.→Companies Act 2013, Sec 71OCD — Optionally Convertible DebentureA debenture that may convert to equity at the holder's or issuer's election — conversion is optional.→
Filings & registers07 entries
Companies Act 2013, Sec 39(4) & Rule 12PAS-3 — Return of AllotmentFiled with the ROC within 30 days of any share allotment.→Companies Act 2013, Rule 9A/9B, Companies (Prospectus and Allotment of Securities) RulesPAS-6 — Reconciliation of Share Capital Audit ReportHalf-yearly filing tying book share capital to demat holdings, for unlisted companies.→Companies Act 2013, Sec 117MGT-14 — Filing of resolutionsBoard and shareholder resolutions filed with the ROC for specified matters.→Companies Act 2013, Sec 88MGT-1 — Register of membersThe statutory register of every shareholder and their holding, maintained by the company.→Companies Act 2013, Sec 56SH-4 — Securities transfer formThe instrument of transfer required for every transfer of shares between existing holders.→Companies (Prospectus and Allotment of Securities) Rules 2014, Rule 9BRule 9B demat mandateUnlisted non-small companies must dematerialise securities and obtain an ISIN via NSDL/CDSL.→Companies Act 2013, Sec 92, Sec 137, Sec 73; Sec 153 & Sec 154Annual ROC filings (AOC-4, MGT-7, DPT-3, DIR-3 KYC)The recurring annual compliance calendar every company follows regardless of fundraising activity.→
Valuation & tax02 entries
Income Tax Rules 1962, Rule 11UA; Income Tax Act 1961, Sec 56(2)(viib)Rule 11UA — Valuation of unquoted sharesIncome-tax valuation method for unquoted shares, governing angel-tax exposure on issue price.→Income Tax Act 1961, Sec 17(2) & Sec 192Perquisite tax on ESOP exerciseThe spread between fair market value and exercise price is taxed as salary income at exercise.→
ESOP02 entries
Companies Act 2013, Rule 12(10), Companies (Share Capital and Debentures) Rules 2014SH-6 — Register of ESOP grantsThe statutory register recording every option granted under an ESOP scheme.→Companies Act 2013, Sec 62(1)(b); Rule 12, Companies (Share Capital and Debentures) Rules 2014Sec 62(1)(b) — ESOP issue procedureCompanies Act provision governing the issue of shares to employees under an ESOP.→
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